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Master of Electronic Art
Spatiality and Interaction
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Multi User Environments, Networked Technologies & Rhizone Week six
Overview The World Wide Web was launched in 1989 by Timothy Berners-Lee. Originally the Internet was intended to aid international communication among physicists working for the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. Prior to then, similar networks were used exclusively by government institutions and research universities involved in military projects. MUDs (Multiple User Domains) is one of the early multi user environments on the Web. Multiple User Dungeons or Domains is based on early text based Dungeons and Dragons computer games. MOOs (Muds Object-Oriented), are a more sophisticated version of MUDs and are based on object oriented programming allowing user to build or expand their own environments. Mark Pesce was credited as the inventor of VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). Labirynth which he presented at the First International Conference on the World Wide Web in 1994 was a prototype of a 3d interface for the web that used a language able to translate specific descriptions into 3d scenes. The nature of cyberspace has been partially informed by sci-fi writers. William Gibson, author of 1984 novel Neuromancer coined the term 'cyberspace' to describe an organic data world or network. Snow Crash by Neil Stephenson, is another example. The common denominator running through these technologies is interactivity characterised by seemingly open ended structure or the Deleuzian concept of the rhizome . Early immersive works such as Satellite Arts by Kit Galloway & Sherrie Rabinowitz in 1977, Dauglas Davies's The Last 9 Minutes at Documanta VI and Keith Sonnier & Liza Bear's Send /Receive Satellite Network are also an example of networked technologies. They explored real time virtual space and utilised satellite transmission technology and are early examples of telematics. Cellphones, PDAs (personal digital assistants), SMS (Secure Message Systems) also belong in this category. Don Foresta , Kit Galloway & Sherrie Rabinowitz , Dauglas Davies, Keith Sonnier & Liza Bear, Company in Space , William Gibson , Masaki Fujihata , Andrea Zapp , Philip Brophy , Paul Sermon , Margot Lovejoy , Lynn Hershman , Catherine Richards , Toni Dove , Christian Moller , Brenda Laurel & Rachel Strickland , Knowbotic Research , Monika Fleischmann and Wolfgang Strauss , Paul Garrin , Norrie Neumark , Maruice Benayoun , Josephine Starrs & Leon Cmielewski , Jon McCormack , Paul Brown , Troy Innocent , Martine Corompt , Ian Haig , John Tonkin , Peter Hennessey , Michelle Barker , John Colette , Michael Buckley , Megan Heyward , Sally Pryor , Simon Biggs , Linda Marie Walker & Gregory L Ulmer , Igor Stromajer , Komninos Zervos , geniwate , Adrian Miles , Linda Derment , Moira Corby , Francesca da Rimini , Jenny Fraser , rea , Jaap de Jonge , Graham Harwood & Matthew Fuller , Lycette Brothers John & Mark , Chris Henschke , Anna Munster , Tina Gonsalves , Melinda Rackham , Mary-Anne Breeze , Shu Lea Cheang , Perry Hoberman , Bill Seaman , flux:/terminal , Primary Reading Ascott, Roy Is There Love in the Telematic Embrace? , Art Journal 49, no 3 (Fall 1990), pp 241-47 Bush, Vannevar 1945 As we may think , The Atlantic Monthly , Vol 176, No 1, p 101-108 Osthoff, Simone 2004 Lygia Clark and Hélio Oiticica: A Legacy of Interactivity and Participation for a Telematic Future , Leonardo More Anders, Peter Anthropic Cyberspace: Defining Electronic Space from First Principles Anders, Peter Moving Vicariously: Tacit Embodiment and the Shape of On-line Communities Anders, Peter 1998 Envisioning Cyberspace , McGraw-Hill, US Arns, Inke Interaction, Participation, Networking: Art & Telecommunication Armstrong, K Intimate Transactions: The Evolution of an Ecosophical Networked Practice , Fibreculture, Issue 7 Ascott, Roy Turning on Technology Ascott, Roy 1968 Behaviourables and Futurables in Stiles, Kristine & Selz, Peter (eds) 1996 Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art, University of California Press Berkeley, p489-98 Bachelard, Gaston 1958 The Poetics of Space Bartlem, Edwin Reshaping Spectatorship: Immersive and Distributed Aesthetics , Fibreculture, Issue 7 Bosma, Josephine Constructing Media Spaces Chesher, Chris 1984-1992 Colonizing Virtual Reality Construction of the Discourse of Virtual Reality , Cultrinix, vol 1, no 1 Couchot, Edmond 2005 Media Art: Hybradization and Autonomy , Refresh! Conference, Banff Centre Deleuze, Gilles 1968 Difference and Repetition Deleuze, Gilles 1980 A Thousand Plateaus Dietrich, Frank 1986 Visual intelligence; The first Decade of Computer Art (1965-1975) , Leonardo, vol 19, no 2, pp 159-69 Grau, Oliver 2003 Virtual Art From Illusion to immersion , Massachusetts Institute of Technology Gye, L, Munster, A and Richardson, I (ed) Distributed Aesthetics , Fibreculture, Issue 7 Engelbart, Dauglas 1962 Augumenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework , Fishwick, Paul 2006 Aesthetic Computing , The MIT Press, Cambridge
Frieling, Rudolf The Archive, the Media, the Map and the Text Interaction 2006 , 33 rd conference & exhibition on computer graphics and interactive techniques, Siggraph Kluszczynski, Ryszard 1996 The Context is the Message: Interactive Art as a Medium of Communication Landlow, G (ed) 1994 Hyper/Text/Theory , The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London Licklider, JCR 1960 Man-Computer Symbiosis , IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, vol HFE-1, p4-11 MacGregor, Brent Cybernetic Serendipity Revisited Mitchell, William 2005 Placing Words: Symbols, Space, and the City Pfohl, Stephen 1997 The Cybernetic Delirium of Norbert Wiener Popper, Frank 2005 From Technological to Virtual Art The MIT Press, Cambridge Reichardt, Jasia Cybernetic Serenpidity exhibition Tofts, Darren g h g & beyond: anticipating distributed aesthetics , Fibreculture, Issue 7 - distributed aestheticsSeaman, Bill The Hybrid Invention Generator Sermon, Paul 1993 Telematic Vision Shanken, Edward A (ed) 2003 Telematic Embrace: Visionary Theories of Art Technology and Consciousness , University of California Press, Berkeley
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